ammonium carbonate and ammonium sulfate have been proposed and used as two new fuels for synthesizing gamma alumina nanoparticles. the prepared samples have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), 2 n  adsorption (bet) and transmission electron microscopy (tem). a comparison has been made between the properties of the nanoparticles synthesized by these two fuels and other conventional fu...

Ammonium carbonate and ammonium sulfate have been proposed and used as two new fuels for synthesizing gamma alumina nanoparticles. The prepared samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), 2 N  adsorption (BET) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A comparison has been made between the properties of the nanoparticles synthesized by these two fuels and other conventio...

The present review covers organic transformations involved in the reduction of CO2 to chemical fuels. In particular, we focus on reactions of CO2 with organic molecules to yield carboxylic acid derivatives as a first step in CO2 reduction reaction sequences. These biomimetic initial steps create opportunities for tandem electrochemical/chemical reductions. We draw parallels between long-standin...

Concerns about depletion of fossil fuels and energy security have increased interest in renewable energy sources. Biogas, generated from anaerobic digestion of organic wastes, has a relatively low cost and is considered to be a renewable energy carrier. There is an increasing interest in converting biogas to “green” transportation fuels. This fact sheet discusses the technologies that are curre...

Emissions from two biofuels, a soy-based biodiesel and an animal-based biodiesel, were measured and compared to emissions from a distillate petroleum fuel oil. The three fuels were burned in a small (3.5x10 Btu/hr) firetube boiler designed for use in institutional, commercial, and light industrial applications. Emissions were measured for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxides of ni...

Experiments were conducted to investigate light absorption of organic aerosol (OA) in fresh and photochemically aged biomass-burning emissions. The experiments considered residential hardwood fuel (oak) and fuels commonly consumed in wild-land and prescribed fires in the United States (pocosin pine and gallberry). Photochemical aging was performed in an environmental chamber. We constrained the...

This paper describes the present situation regarding chemical kinetic databases for the simulation of the combustion of liquid fuels. Past work in the area is summarized. Much is known about the reactions of the smaller fragments from combustion processes. In order to describe real liquid fuels there is the need for an understanding of how the larger organic fuels are broken down to these fragm...

Some cyclic molecules have been proposed as liquid-organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) due to their ability undergo dehydrogenation reversibly, with ones containing nitrogen in the ring showing special stability. Here, we examined one of these, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ), for use an endothermic fuel thermal protection hypersonic aircraft engines. The conversion and heats reaction were measu...

The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to liquid fuels has tremendous positive impacts on atomospheric carbon balance and help to reduce global warming issues. This paper reviewed current knowledge of electrochemical CO2 reduction to small organic molecule fuels on metal catalysts and gas-phase CO2 reduction techniques based on gas diffusion electrode and solid polymer electroly...

Solar-driven photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into fuels has attracted a lot of interest; however, developing active catalysts that can selectively convert CO2 to fuels with desirable reaction products remains a grand challenge. For instance, complete suppression of the competing H2 evolution during photocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion has not been achieved before. We design and synthesize a spo...